This advanced seminar course explores the emerging field of implantable medical devices that utilize living cells to deliver therapeutics and/or continuously monitor patient's health through key biomarkers. After discussing requirements for such devices, the course will examine the literature on various aspects, including design principles, material requirements, cell engineering and selection, cell encapsulation and protection, supporting long-term cell viability and functionality in vivo. We will then discuss various current and emerging applications of those devices from targeted drug delivery for various diseases to continuous biomarker monitoring enabling personalized treatment strategies. We will conclude by examining the regulatory pathways and clinical trials necessary to bring these groundbreaking devices to patients.